Strain and charge contributions to the magnetoelectric coupling in Fe₃O₄/PMN-PT artificial multiferroic heterostructures

Abstract The quest to realize new kinds of data storage devices has motivated recent studies in the field magnetoelectric heterostructures. One most commonly investigated systems is Fe 3 O 4 /[Pb(Mg 1 / 3 Nb $_{2/3})$?> 2 ) ] 0.7 –[PbTiO 0.3 (PMN-PT), however, interplay between different coupling mechanisms not yet well understood. To disentangle role strain and polarisation influence /PMN-PT, we report on measurements for orientations applied magnetic two substrate cuts, PMN-PT(001) PMN-PT(011). For /PMN-PT(011), having sample aligned such that parallel [01 $\overline{1}$?> accent="false">‾ easy axis leads a remanent increase magnetisation each electric cycle. On other hand, along [100] hard axis, follows butterfly-like loop characteristic imparted by substrate. /PMN-PT(001), effect superposition observed behaviour both in-plane directions /PMN-PT(011). shows an initial followed butterfly like loop. Polarised neutron reflectometry /PMN-PT(011) no difference at interface bulk film decline interaction further away from shared interface. Our results demonstrate layer provide clear step towards design future systems.